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Genetic Linkage

Long-Awaited Drug for Alkaptonuria (AKU), the First “Inborn Error,” On the Way to Approval in Europe

The European Medicines Agency has just recommended extending use of an existing drug, nitisinone (Orfadin), to treat alkaptonuria (AKU). AKU holds a special place in the history of genetics as the first "inborn error of metabolism" described. It affects one in 250,000 to one in a million people.

 

The route to impending approval took two decades, illustrating factors that make the quest to discover, develop, and deliver a treatment for a very rare disease so challenging. There's no "Operation Warp Speed" for the rare disease community. Sometimes there aren't even enough participants to carry out a clinical trial that is controlled, relying instead on comparisons to the natural history of a disease, or enrolling one patient at a time in an "N+1" study.

 

I last wrote about AKU in 2014, calling it "black pee disease." I'm happy to report now on the progress in Europe, but won't use that attention-grabbing descriptor, because it minimizes the severity.

A Peculiar Condition and an Astute Physician

 

To continue reading, go to my DNA Science blog at Public Library of Science.

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Black Pee Disease Offers New View of Arthritic Joints

The urine of a person with alkaptonuria turns dark upon standing.
When I read the headline of a recent press release – "A new cause of osteoarthritis identified by research on a rare disease" -- I was drawn to "rare disease," even though I actually have osteoarthritis. And when I read “alkaptonuria," I was catapulted back more than a century to the first description of an "inborn error of metabolism.”  Read More 
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